Vineyard Knowledge And Definition
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by: raylee
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Word Count: 307
Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2011 Time: 8:38 AM
Vineyard Common Pests and Diseases.
Phylloxera (type of plant lice) a North American insect that can kill the vine through feeding on the root, had not been known until the late 19th century. It had caused the failure of many early plantings of European grapes in the United States and, beginning about 1860, spread around the world, probably travelling on resistant American vines, infecting V. vinifera from France to Australia and to California. French and American researchers finally saved the world's wine industry by grafting phylloxera-susceptible European vines onto resistant American roots. Virtually all wine grapevines in Europe and California are grafted to rootstocks of Eastern American origin. In 1979 phylloxera B overcame the resistance of the dominant rootstock in Northern California vineyards; thousands of acres subsequently were replanted with more resistant rootstocks.
There are a variety of pests and known diseases, including black measles, little-leaf, nematodes, red spiders, rabbits, and gophers. Among these are mildew, a devastating fungal disease; the grape-berry moth, which destroys fruit by causing it to colour prematurely; the grapevine beetle, which eats new buds forming in spring; climbing cutworms, which hide in the ground during the day and feed on the buds at night; black rot, which shrivels the fruit; and crown rot, which destroys the vines of some particular varieties.
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